Articles by Krishna Kumar

new family code introduced in July 1987 was a definite advance over the older, conservative civil code and gave women several legal rights, e g, "a wife may now engage in a profession even without hei husband's permission" and "that her husband is no longer the sole administrator of the couple's property". There are more grounds for annullment of marriage and divorce, and common law wives are given rights to conjugal property On the other side of the political fence, Gabriela pointed out that liberal as the code seemed, its underlying motivations were the strengthening of the institutions of marriage and the family in which Filipino women are oppressed. Neither does it take into account of the conditions of the majority of poor, toiling, propertyless women and those engaged in sex tourism.

Microprocessors and the Education Market Krishna Kumar Technological Occupational Challenge, Social Transformation and Educational Response: International Yearbook of Education, 1985 by Edmund King; Paris: International Bureau of Education, Unesco, 1986.

NCERT's Silver Jubilee Krishna Kumar IT is unthinkable that anyone involved in education today should have the time and the frame of mind to jubilate. The scene is extremely dismal by whatever standard one chooses to look at it. The system now seems capable of just one social function

ing quite rapidly among the Hindus as well as the Sikhs. Although fortunately this trend is certainly not all-pervasive and the deep- rooted friendship and brotherhood of countless families belonging to the two communities is no doubt still intact, yet the fact of the growth of communal tendencies in a relatively short span of time from being a negligible phenomenon to a significant force cannot be denied any longer. Secessionist feelings are still confined to a very small and insignificant section of the Sikhs, but if communal forces keep getting strengthened then this development could contain the seeds for expanding secessionism. In a nutshell we can say that at present Hindu communalism (led by Shiv Sena, etc) and Sikh communalism (led by AISSF, etc) are feeding on each other, and at a later date these together could feed secessionism.

Farewell to Modernisation?
Krishna Kumar THE 'modernisation' paradigm is still alive if not kicking. B L Jindal has used it to prove that schooling contributes to students' modernity, that the English-medium urban private school produces more modem students than does the government village school By modern, he means the usual admixture of secular, scientific, achievement and independence-oriented, civic attitudes. After reading Jindal's elaborate analysis of students' scores on the modernity scale that he prepared to compare the students of two urban and one rural school in Hissar, Haryana, one is supposed to conclude that being modern in the prevailing social structure has to do with being born in a class whose children have access to locally prestigious, expensive, English-medium schooling. Put differently, modernity is a function of belonging to the local elite, and further that it has nothing to do with interest in changing the power distribution prevailing in society. But these are not the words which believers in the modernisation paradigm use. Nor does Jinal. He merely concludes that to spread modernity we should have more schools that are known to spread modernity