A new phase of capitalist expansion led by "global capital" is driving governments, including those of the left, to dispossess and displace peasants from agricultural land, even using force to break up peasant resistance. The article offers an understanding of this new phase, with a focus on the role and compulsions of governments. The analysis is in the tradition of radical political economy, and is based on a revaluation and expansion of Marx's conceptualisation of rent and the primitive accumulation of capital.