The celebration of Pahela Baishakh in Bangladesh and the debates surrounding it serve to reinforce a new discourse of Bengali culture and identity that works in favour of those in power.
Development, Neoliberalism, and Islamism in South Asia: The Case of Bangladesh by Mustahid M Husain, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022; pp xvii + 146, ¤117.69 (eBook).
Most Dalit Hindus in Bangladesh had migrated during the British Raj in search of secure livelihoods and a good life. Their historic betrayal by the colonial and postcolonial masters resulted in subjugation and stigma as a scavenging community. By using both qualitative and interpretative methods complemented by field visits, this paper attempts to trace this community’s movement from forced migration into ascribed untouchability. Their present socio-economic status and living conditions in Dhaka are explored as also the recent spotlighting of their underdevelopment by civil society and government action. The Dalit Hindus of Bangladesh remain discontents of its rise as a “developing wonder” in the subcontinent, even after 50 years of independence.
Much of the scholarship on Bangladesh’s founding places it within a narrative of repetition. It either repeats the partitions of 1905 or 1947 or the creation of India and Pakistan as postcolonial states. This paper argues instead for the novelty of Bangladesh’s creation against the postcolonial state, suggesting that it opened up a new history at the global level in which decolonisation was replaced by civil war as the founding narrative for new states.
In the 1940s, Bengali Muslim intellectuals sought to find a new autonomy in a comprehensive break with the texts and language of the Hindu-dominated literature of the “Bengal Renaissance.” But within a few years of Pakistan’s founding, a new generation argued that disavowing the past was not libe
This paper examines the history of largely understudied women’s rights activists in the early years of East Pakistan. While they collided with West Pakistani activists—and the central state—on matters of culture, identity, and political and economic issues, they actively cooperated with West Pakistani counterparts to fight gender discrimination and to demand reform in women’s rights from the state.
A reading of 1969, the momentous year of protests against Ayub Khan’s dictatorship in East Pakistan is offered, going beyond the popular tropes of inevitability and loss. The moments when Bengali nationalism exceeded its own expectations by making michhil or procession its main focus are identified. A rumination on Dhaka, which found its present cultural and political identity through the upheaval of the 1960s is presented.
The idea of swadhinata (which translates as both freedom and independence), along with a novel conception of liberation (mukti), animated the founding discourse of Bangladesh in 1971. This paper explores how these ideas, and their longer histories, jostled together to shape the promise of Bangladesh’s founding. It also reflects on how the conflictual promise of 1971 underwrote the political history of post-independence Bangladesh.
